Detection and Avoidance of Early Flood using Internet of Things (IoT)

Olaniyi Habib Aliu & Joy Oluwabukola Olayiwola, Volume 6 Issue 1, December 2025 Pages 31-37, Published: 2025-04-09

Abstract

Damage from floods is one of the biggest losses that occurs due to natural disasters affecting livelihoods, properties, and economic activities. Constant floods, a natural disaster with increasing frequency in Nigeria, attribute a proportionate level of socio-economic implications for which creative management approaches are imperative. The following work describes the design and deployment of the IoT-supported flood detection and prevention system for minimising the losses due to floods through controlled observations and alarms. Ultrasonic sensors, waterproof detectors, and Arduino-based controllers are the components of the system; it tracks water levels and shares the necessary information with the users with a mobile application. The detection system divides the areas that may be prone to floods into safe, mid, and danger levels as illustrated using Tinkercad simulation. In safe zones, water levels are maintained and are proven on LCD and green LED light indicators. If the car enters a medium zone, it receives warning alerts and turns yellow LEDs on, but if it gets into a danger zone, it receives critical alarms, and red LEDs light up. Information is relayed to a cloud host for storage, and retrieval is done on a real-time basis through a basic, easy-to-use mobile client. The use of solenoid regulators for water discharge and GPS for location tracking improves the delicateness of the preventive system. By using this model, the authorities and residents of flood-prone areas get early warnings, leading to an improvement of avoiding terrible damages. With regards to the challenges in flood management, this system shows enormous possibility in preventing deaths and reducing socio-economic impacts should it be applied in vulnerable nations such as Nigeria